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The market downturn has beaten down
asset values, and funds that are saddled
with debt are at risk of violating
certain ratio requirements, particularly
one in Section 18 of the Investment
Company Act of 1940. Under the
legislation how much in assets should a
fund have for each $1 of preferred stock
issued, and how much in assets should a
fund have for each $1 of bank debt?
A.) $2
and $3, respectively
B.) $1 and $1, respectively
C.) $2 and $2, respectively
D.) $3 and $3, respectively
E.) $4 and $3, respectively |
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Published:
February 24, 2009
The
correct answer is
(A.) $2 and $3, respectively
Under Section 18 of the
Investment Company Act of 1940,
closed-end funds must maintain an
asset coverage ratio of at least
200% of senior securities, such as
auction-rate preferred shares, and
at least 300% of senior bank debt.
In other words, for each $1 of
preferred stock issued, a fund must
have at least $2 in assets, and for
each $1 of bank debt, a fund needs
at least $3 of assets.
For the income investor, this ratio
means a fund is prohibited from
declaring or paying a dividend that
would put it below the asset
coverage ratio. Funds that violate
the asset coverage ratio must
attempt to deleverage -- sell assets
and raise cash to reduce debt.
For example, late last year bond
manager PIMCO postponed previously
declared dividend payments on about
a dozen leveraged closed-end funds,
as asset values fell below the
required coverage. Over the next few
months, the company reduced debt by
redeeming its preferred shares and
reinstated the dividends. Most of
these dividends were reinstated at
the previous rate, but a suspension
often can signal that a dividend cut
is in order if and when the fund
continues payments.
That's why investors should tread
with caution into any company that
has recently suspended dividends.
But it doesn't mean you should avoid
all leveraged closed-end funds.
Asset coverage is just one measure
of a fund's income potential at that
time. In deciding whether to keep or
add a leveraged closed-end fund with
adequate asset coverage, you also
want to consider other factors that
may work in its favor. For example,
if leverage is fairly low and the
fund holds low-risk assets, the
dividend should be secure.
But if calculating ratios is not
your cup of tea, don't worry. StreetAuthority editor Carla
Pasternak takes all such measures
into account for every fund she
covers in the
High-Yield Investing newsletter. In the latest issue,
Carla offers not only in-depth
advice on what to look for, she
offers a blacklist of funds that
sport enticingly high yields but
have placed their distributions on
hold. To learn the names of these
funds to avoid, and to learn more
about High-Yield Investing,
please visit this link.
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